在职研究生考试
portant; padding-bottom: 0px; widows: 1; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; font: 16px/1.5em Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(62,62,62); clear: both; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>在我看来，法律人必须掌握两个重要的能力或技艺，一是案例分析能力，一是文献综述能力。前者是微观层面的，后者是宏观层面的。掌握了前一种能力，则分析任何复杂案件时，皆如庖丁解牛般游刃有余;而掌握了后一种能力，研究新问题、处理大量新的文献资料时，都能做到提纲挈领，高屋建瓴。portant; text-align: right; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>——程啸
portant; padding-bottom: 0px; widows: 1; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; font: 16px/1.5em Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(62,62,62); clear: both; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>
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portant; clear: both; padding-top: 0px>portant; color: rgb(95,156,239); font-size: 20px; padding-top: 0px>portant; padding-top: 0px>文献综述的意义
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portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; padding-top: 0px />
portant; padding-bottom: 0px; widows: 1; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; font: 16px/1.5em Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(62,62,62); clear: both; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>所谓文献综述，是指研究者对某一领域或关于某一问题的文献资料进行的提炼综合并在此基础上所做的评论与叙述。在学术研究尤其是大型论文(硕士、博士论文)中，文献综述具有非常重要的地位。论文的选题是否合理、可行，最终论文的质量如何，在很大程度上都直接取决前期的文献综述的质量。文献综述的目的或者说文献综述的意义有以下几点：
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portant; clear: both; padding-top: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>了解研究主题
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portant; padding-bottom: 0px; widows: 1; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; font: 16px/1.5em Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(62,62,62); clear: both; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>文献综述能够使研究者以及其他读者熟悉现有研究领域中就某一问题的相关研究的演变、最新进展以及存在的问题。由于文献综述是在撰写者阅读分析了关于某一问题相关的文献后所撰写出来的，因此，通过阅读文献综述，人们可以高效、准确的了解某一研究主题的过去、现在和未来。
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portant; clear: both; padding-top: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>借鉴研究方法
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portant; padding-bottom: 0px; widows: 1; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; font: 16px/1.5em Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(62,62,62); clear: both; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>文献综述可以学习借鉴他人好的研究方法，了解他人是如何界定关键概念的。文献综述中的文献并非都是高质量的，但通过比较也可以发现那些真正高质量的、好的作品，从而学习前人好的研究方法、思考路径，并了解他人是如何界定某些关键的概念的。
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portant; padding-bottom: 0px; widows: 1; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; font: 16px/25px Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(62,62,62); clear: both; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px>
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portant; clear: both; padding-top: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>发现研究中的问题
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portant; padding-bottom: 0px; widows: 1; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; font: 16px/25px Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(62,62,62); clear: both; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px>portant; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 0px>文献综述可以发现既有研究中的不足与尚未解决的问题，明确未来研究的问题以及思考的方向。任何学术研究应当是知识的增量积累而非简单地存量盘活。炒冷饭是学术研究的大忌。然而，任何研究都是在前人基础上进行的，文献综述就是可以使研究者充分发现他人已有研究的不足、缺陷及改进的可能性，从而为自己未来的研究提供问。
